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POISION SURVIVAL

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POISION SURVIVAL

Aluminum phosphide (AlP) is used to preserve grains all over the world. It is also known as celphos and is one of the most dreaded poisons one can ever encounter in toxicology. The salt is usually available in tablet and pellet forms. AlP poisoning is common in all parts of the world, but is found more commonly in developing countries like India and is often implicated in accidental and suicidal poisonings in India. [1],[2],[3] The fatal dose is around 0.5 g and acute poisoning with these compounds may be direct due to ingestion of the salts or indirect from accidental inhalation of phosphine generated during their approved use. Many lives have been lost in the last three decades, especially among the young rural population of northern India. It is not just limited to the agricultural society, but the incidence is increasing in the urban families also. Previously, the laws and legislations were not that strict and it was easily available on the counter; but in the last few years stricter norms have reduced its easy availability, even though they are still not enough to reduce the suicidal rate due to its consumption, which traumatizes so many families. It is a highly toxic compound that releases phosphine gas on contact with moist surfaces and patients can present clinically with gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage, arrhythmias, shock, renal and hepatic failure, central nervous system disturbances and ultimately leading to death in almost 100% of cases. [1],[3],[4] Most patients who survived had either taken a very small amount or the tablet had been exposed to air, thus rendering it non-toxic. Patients remain mentally clear till cerebral anoxia due to shock supervenes resulting in drowsiness, delirium and coma. Several ECG changes ranging from ST segment elevation/depression, PR and QRS interval prolongation, complete heart block to ectopics and fibrillation have been observed. Reversible myocardial injury has also been reported.

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